![]() ![]() ![]() In particular, we are interested in how historically embedded citizens' resources were directed towards living with and to a certain extent accepting the virus. On the basis of these past histories, we present an alternative choreography, a different series of dancing steps, which are rooted in history and based on social and cultural coping mechanisms. Yet, we do believe that in times of pandemic crises-such as today-it can be helpful to put context to those medical interventions, and show how people dealt with epidemics before antimicrobial drugs and vaccinations were discovered. ![]() In doing so, we realize that today's day and age with its technological and medical inventions is a different country compared to earlier periods in history. In this paper, we offer an array of examples from history on how people dealt with past pandemics. As such it fits a biomedical understanding of epidemics, focused on campaigns against specific microbiological agents, but with very little attention for the socioecological determinants of disease and the historically rooted coping mechanisms of any society. Yet, unlike the historical metaphor, it pays little heed to the social inequities of the covid-19 crisis. Pueyo's technocratic and top-down choreography comprises social-distance measures, intensive contact tracing, extensive public education on hygiene, banning large gatherings, and an interplay between the removing and tightening of restrictions. The engineer and journalist Tomas Pueyo, for example, argues that governments, after applying the hammer, must learn how to “dance with the virus.” As a result, the dancing metaphor has become synonymous with the question of how to and when to strengthen or loosen lockdown measures (Pueyo, 2020a, 2020b), including the introduction of “basic dance steps” that countries should follow to effectively exit the crisis mode into a (more) normal situation (Pueyo, 2020c). Remarkably, dances of death have remained familiar motifs in imagery and poetry up until today and have even resurfaced in medical and political debates on how to tackle Covid-19. During the Middle Ages dances of death were found on cemetery walls, in churches, and on street corners (Figures 1– 4).Īlfred Rethel, Death as a Friend, 1851. Thus, the danse macabre was as much a social critique as a direct representation of vulnerabilities and entangled societal issues like disease, war, poverty, and famine. Dances of death tableaux reminded the viewer of the transience of life, the relentlessness of death, and the moral obligation of charity and solidarity. ![]() Rethel's drawing belongs to a centuries-old cultural tradition of “the danse macabre.” Born from the smoking debris of the medieval plague, it represents the idea that although societies are plagued by inequity, still everyone, rich or poor, man or woman, wise or ignorant, is equal in death: “Death comes equally to us all, and makes us all equal when it comes,” to quote the English poet and scholar John Donne (Binski, 1996 Dreier, 2010). The other dancers flee the room, whereas Cholera, dressed as an Egyptian mummy sits on the throne carrying the scourge of disease as a scepter (Hertel, 2000). The image represents Heine's description of the appearance of cholera at a masked ball: Three dancers suddenly fall dead on the floor, at the entrance of Death, who is playing an imaginary violin made of crossbones. Rethel's drawing is based on Heinrich Heine's dramatic account of a disastrous cholera outbreak in Paris (1832) for the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung. Your email address will not be published.In 1851, German artist Alfred Rethel (1816–1859) made an allegorical drawing of cholera raging through Paris. The line guide cause of your tapping and dancing. You need to guide the slither line through dancing snake line world and Sky following the music snake notes but try to never smash, touch or hit the walls and spiral. The Maze Dancing line World music is a game you can play with Piano Music or guitar music and various instruments which are guitar, drum, and roll glowing rolling tapping especially Piano and zigzag, dancing with line, this is one of the popular Maze Music games which has high-quality other instruments songs and beautiful game play. Roll the snake and make it dancing in a magic line and ZigZag with dancing line. Trust your ears rather your eyes to dance the line and Slither the Line! Tap slither tiles snake dancing the screen game make the dance line and tower line, avoid obstacles, tap and reach to the Temple before you cruch by tapping jump dance. Listen carefully to the Musical dance line : music tap and it will guide a Snake Line dance through a changing color world. Welcome to the arcade game of dancing line 2, the amazing Tap music game you have ever played. ![]()
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